1st Battalion 22nd Infantry Operations of 1900 and 1901

Campaign streamer awarded to the 22nd Infantry Regiment
for its service during the Luzon campaign

The 22nd Infantry in formation at Malolos. Note bugler, 3rd row, 2nd from right.

From a stereoscopic photograph negative on glass by Underwood & Underwood, 1899, titled:
The Fighting 22nd before Malalos--lost a Colonel at San Juan, Cuba, and at Malolos, Philippine Islands

During December, 1899, and January, 1900, General MacArthur, commanding northern Luzon, reorganized and redistributed the troops
assigned to his extended field of operations. His forces were very actively engaged in pursuing the remnants of Aguinaldo's northern army
and the self-constituted guerrilla bands; also in giving all possible protection to the inhabitants of towns and cities against the incursions of ladrones,
who plundered them without mercy, adding torture and murder when their extortionate demands were not promptly complied with.
The wealthy inhabitants, those possessing estates, were in a precarious condition. The scattered insurgent forces that still retained some form
of organization called upon them for contributions to the insurgent cause, promising upon compliance to protect them from the cruelties
of the robber bands. They demanded of the native civil authorities, appointed or elected under the direction of our officers, the imposition
and collection of taxes and the sale of insurgent cedulas for insurgent uses, on penalty of confiscation or destruction of private property.

Presidentes of cities and towns were found contributing to insurgent officers still engaged in active hostilities. Preservation of life and property
compelled them so to act; while they were very anxious for the success of the American arms and the peace of the country,
while they were doing all they could to effect this success and peace, still they were under painful duress, and obliged to contribute
upon insurgent demand, in order to retain their lives and property. In this same situation were many citizens of friendly intent.

It therefore remained for the American forces to pursue effectually, and to destruction, all remaining insurgent organizations
and bands of ladrones, in order to insure the pacification of the country. In pursuance of this policy, every town and barrio
of importance was garrisoned. Every rumor of insurgent forces, ladrones, or hidden weapons was investigated. Within the protected zones,
small detachments of American soldiers scoured the country day and night; larger forces operated in the mountains and away from the towns.
Many rumors proved ill-founded; carefully laid plans discovered no insurgents, no ladrones, no weapons. This work,
attended by many weary marches and constantly maintained vigilance on the part of our troops, was prosecuted with vigor during the entire year.
Gradually it proved successful; insurgents became demoralized and deserted their leaders; bands of ladrones were broken up,
their arms captured, the offenders sent to military prisons.

A recital of the work done by the regiment during 1900 would resolve itself in three hundred and sixty-five brief reports,
stating that on this date one insurgent was killed; that on another date two ladrones and two rifles were captured; that on a third date
the country near such a place was thoroughly scoured without discovering any sign of the enemy. Therefore, only a brief resume
of the operations is given—it shows the character of the work that the regiment was called upon to perform. In addition to the field service,
mention is made of the establishment of civil government—this work also devolved upon our army.

January 1, 1900, eight companies of the regiment occupied the towns of Arayat, Candaba, and San Luis; the remaining four companies
were divided between Carranglan and Bayombong. During the month, Santa Ana, Mexico, San Fernando, Cabiao, and San Antonio
were also garrisoned by the regiment.

Frequent parties were sent out from all these posts. In the later part of the month, in accordance with orders
from brigade headquarters, particular activity was displayed by the troops at Arayat and Santa Ana,
as bands of insurgents were reported operating in the vicinity of Mount Arayat.

Company E, under the command of Lieut. Dalton, 22nd infantry, scouted around the northern and eastern slopes of the mountain.
No insurgents were seen, though traces of relatively recent camps were found. This expedition lasted three days—January 17 to January 19.

January 7.—The first meeting of the officers of the civil government in Arayat was held.

January 29.—Lieut. Admire, 22nd infantry, with twenty men of company A, from Santa Ana, encountered an estimated force
of one hundred insurgents, near Laomit, a small village about one mile from Arayat, on the road leading to San Pedro Magalang.
The insurgents retired before reinforcements from Arayat arrived. It was reported that six insurgents were killed.

January 29.—The election of the representatives of the barrios of Candaba took place, thus completing the organization
of the civil government of that town. The work of issuing cedulas was begun during the month at Arayat, Candaba,
Santa Ana, San Luis, and San Fernando.

February 5.—Lieut. Admire captured a party of ladrones, together with eight Remington rifles and 200 rounds of ammunition.
Five of these men were tried and sentenced by the provost court of this section.

February 20.—Company K, under Lieut. Hannay, left at one o'clock a. m., and marched to the barrio of Mandili,
where a force of insurgents was reported to be. The barrio was reached at 4 a. m., and surrounded.
Two Filipinos were wounded in attempting to escape. About a hundred men, two American horses, nine Remington rifles,
and considerable correspondence were captured. Forty-eight men were released, while the rest were taken to Candaba.
This band were members of a force formerly under command of Col. Simon Kabigting, who was reported as having been killed by his own men.

February 23.—One hundred men, under Major Reynolds, were sent to Palanglang, a barrio about four miles from Arayat,
to capture General Alejandrino. The force started at one o'clock at night and surrounded the barrio very quietly before daylight,
and searched the village thoroughly as soon as there was light enough. No trace of General Alejandrino was found.
A detachment from Santa Ana cooperated.

February 26.—Lieut. Admire found a Mauser carbine and one Colt's revolver near Palanglang, while searching for arms said to be concealed there.

February 28.—Company E, under Lieut. Dalton, left early in the morning to go to Candating to investigate certain charges
against Pedro Medrina Paranlao and Jose Medrina Dizon, and to scout toward San Miguel. No sign of insurgents was discovered.
A party from Cabiao, under Lieut. Ripley, and a party from Candaba, under Lieut. Hannay, were also sent out at this time,
but did not see or learn anything of an organization of insurgents in the Pinac. Lieut. Ripley found a party of twenty-three men in a house,
where there were reloading tools, and brought the party to Cabiao. Two of the men were wearing insurgent uniforms. Lieut. Dalton returned on March 1.

March 1.—Lieut. Admire, with eighteen men of company A and fifteen men from Arayat, scouted for three days
through Mount Arayat, particularly in the vicinity of Palanglang, the home of Alejandrino. The party was fired upon on nearing Palanglang,
although the persons firing could not be located. One Krag-Jorgenson rifle and some insurgent uniforms were captured in the rear of Alejandrino's house.

March 6, 8, 11.—Detachments from San Antonio, under Lieut. Leonard, went in search of Garciano Garcia.
The expedition of the 8th brought in fifty-nine natives, two Remington rifles, one Remington carbine, six bolos, and some ammunition.
All were found in barracks in the barrio of Delagut.

Letter from a Soldier in the 22nd Infantry, postmarked at the
Military Postal Station at San Fernando, Philippine Islands, March 13, 1900

March 15.—Sergeant Ray, company I, was attacked by bolomen on his way from Cabiao to San Antonio, and nearly murdered.
Lieut. Draper was sent immediately with a party to barrio of Buliran, where the sergeant was attacked. Seven suspects were brought in.

March 16.—At night a party under Lieut. Ripley was sent out to locate and capture the men who had attacked and nearly killed Sergeant Ray,
company I, near Cabiao, on the day before. Some men were captured. One was identified by Sergeant Ray as one of his assailants.
Two Remington rifles were captured.

March 18.—On information that a body of insurgents was located at Canayan Buntung, in the northern part of the Pinac de Candaba,
a combination movement was ordered by the regimental commander by sending strong parties from Candaba, Arayat, and San Isidro,
and a smaller one from Cabiao. The movement was made early in the morning, and although no enemy was found, resulted in covering
the section of the country as effectually as the characteristics of the country would permit. The growth of marsh cane or reed was dense,
and more often than not impenetrable. The trail over which it was necessary to move frequently ceased after a mile or so,
and necessitated an attempt at another trail. The heat was great.

March 23.—On information that a band of ladrones was robbing bancas near the mouth of the Rio Chico,
a general movement was ordered by the regimental commander to this section of the country. A party from Cabiao
held the banks of the Rio Grande opposite the mouth of the Rio Chico; a party from Arayat held the fords of the Chico,
from near its mouth to two miles up the stream, while parties from San Antonio and San Isidro covered the country lying in the angle
formed by the two rivers. The last party moved at 3 a. m., the others were in position by daylight. This movement was under
the personal direction of the regimental commander, who went to San Antonio. The enemy was encountered.
The country was covered with a dense growth, which afforded secure protection for any band of ladrones lurking in its shelter
and familiar with its trails. Lieut. Dalton was in command of the party from Arayat; Lieut. Stone, of the party from Cabiao;
Lieut. Leonard, of the party from San Antonio; Lieut. Huguet, of the party from San Isidro.

Wounded in action, March 24, 1900, while commanding district headquarter scouts: 1st Lieutenant Orrin R. Wolfe.

March 25.—Lieut. Leonard, with a detachment, was sent into the section of the country between the Rio Grande and Rio Chico,
and got eight members of a band that had been robbing bancas on the Rio Grande.

April 18.—Lieut. Admire, in command of the fourth district headquarter scouts, struck a body of insurgents, commanded by Aquiuo,
in the mountains of Bulacan; scattered them; captured eight, one rifle, one revolver, and eight ponies.

April 28.—Capt. Hodges, with a detachment, in barrio San Vicente, Bataasan, and Santa Cruz, near Arayat, killed one
and captured ten insurgents, twenty-five rifles, four revolvers, three bolos, 591 rounds of ammunition. No casualties.

May 9.—Lieut. Draper, with a detachment of twenty men, company I, struck a band of insurgents near barrio Santa Barbara;
killed three, wounded four, captured twenty-nine rifles, 886 rounds of ammunition, and one horse. No casualties.

May 25.—The barrio of San Luis, garrisoned by the 22nd infantry, was attacked at midnight by about fifty insurgents;
were routed and escaped in the thick underbrush.

May 31.—General Funston, in command of a column consisting of troop G, 4th cavalry, and a detachment of the 22nd infantry,
struck a large body of insurgents intrenched in the mountains northeast of San Miguel; scattered them, captured four ponies with saddles,
and 500 rounds of ammunition. At 2.30 p. m. encountered 100 insurgents occupying top of steep ridge.
Took one position, but lack of ammunition forced him to retire.

June 3.—General Funston, in command of a column consisting of troop G, 4th cavalry, detachment 22nd infantry, and district headquarter scouts,
attacked a body of insurgents intrenched in Bulacan mountains, twenty-five miles east of San Miguel; drove them from their position, and scattered them.

GENERAL ORDERS No. 10.
HEADQUARTERS 22ND U. S. INFANTRY, ARAYAT, LUZON, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
June 4th, 1900.

Captain George J. Godfrey, 22nd U. S. infantry. Killed in action. Shot through the heart.
His military record is closed. A brilliant career ended.
Deeds, silent symbols more potent than words, proclaimed his soldier worth. The histories of the 5th and 8th Army Corps are his.
Official recommendation but emphasized what all men knew.
Cuban soil saw his valor.
Under a tropical sun, on morn of June 3rd, 1900, among the lonely fastnesses of the Bulacan mountains,
as victory crowned the combat, he gave "for the flag" the life he had dedicated to his country.
His mind was trained for the profession of arms. His heart and impulses were generous.
Conscientious and zealous discharge of duty were his guiding tenets.
He sought no preferment through avenues foreign to the service.
His first thought was his country's cause—personal ambition his last.
Thus he stood, a peer among the best type of American soldiers. In the civil administration of a pueblo,
to the misguided native people he extended the hand of fellowship and led them along the true path of civilization.
His work is enduring.
Into the unspeakable grief which now moves the hearts of those who dwell in our far distant native land, we dare not enter.
In silence and with memory filled with sorrow, the regiment stands and mourns with them—for our brother.

Ed., The above eulogy for CPT Godfrey was written by CPT Henry Clay Hodges, who would eventually retire as a Major General.
Hodges' eloquence was undoubtedly chosen by the US Army authorities in the early 1920's, when the Army instituted lineage,
coats-of-arms, distinctive unit insignias and mottos for the active Regiments.
Hodges' phrase "Deeds, silent symbols more potent than words" was shortened into "Deeds Not Words",
which became the officially recognized motto of the 22nd Infantry Regiment.

After his death, Captain George Godfrey would have a battery of 12 inch guns named for him, at the Presidio
at San Francisco. For a photo of this battery see Service at Home 1906-1908 on this website.

June 11.—A column commanded by General Grant, General Funston accompanying, and consisting of troops H and G, 4th cavalry;
detachment, battery E, 1st artillery, two guns; nine companies of 22nd infantry; detachment, 34th infantry; six companies, 35th infantry;
company M, 41st infantry; scouts of the 4th and 5th districts and of the 41st infantry, and one company, Macabebe scouts,
attacked an insurgent stronghold in Bulacan mountains, five miles from Sibul. Carried position and scattered enemy.
One Macabebe scout wounded; one American prisoner recovered.

June 28.—Second Lieutenant Paul A. Draper, while building a ferry near San Antonio, was drowned.

GENERAL ORDERS No. 11
HEADQUARTERS 22ND U. S. INFANTRY, ARAYAT, LUZON, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
July 1st, 1900.

Again in a brief space of time the mournful duty devolves upon the Regimental Commander to announce the death of an officer:
2nd Lieut. Paul A. Draper, 22nd Infantry.
This valiant young officer gave promise of an exalted career in his chosen profession.
Enlisting July 27th, 1897, in response to his country's call, he won by his soldierly qualities the coveted prize of a praiseworthy ambition—a commission.
He was quiet and unostentatious of demeanor, courteous and honorable in his intercourse with his associates.
The meed of praise is sustained by a recital of an act of heroism: On the night of May 8th, 1900, he conducted with skill and secrecy
a difficult march to Santa Barbara, a barrio of San Antonio, Nueva Ecija, and at dawn surprised a band of insurgents,
outnumbering his detachment over three times. Before the enemy had time to recover from their surprise, Lieut. Draper made a fierce
and furious onslaught. In this almost hand to-hand encounter he, with only eight men, practically destroyed the band,
killing and wounding a number and capturing thirty of the enemy's rifles and a quantity of ammunition.
'Twas not his fate to fall in battle.
His soldier's death, in the discharge of a duty, was none the less honorable.
On June 28th, 1900, near San Antonio, Province of Nueva Ecija, he lost his life where the rushing waters of the Rio Grande de la Pampanga flow.
On receipt hereof, this order will be read at retreat to every company of the Regiment.

July 16.—General Funston, commanding a column, consisting of two companies, 34th infantry; two companies, 22nd infantry,
and three companies, 34th infantry; troop G, 4th cavalry; detachment of district headquarter scouts, and squadron Philippine cavalry,
attacked an insurgent stronghold near Mount Corona. Enemy fled in jungle. Barracks and all property destroyed. Two Macabebe scouts slightly wounded.

July 22.—Major Wheeler, of the 35th infantryr commanding a column consisting of companies A, C, and I, 34th infantry,
and company F, 22nd infantry, engaged about fifty insurgents near Mount Corona, and drove them from their position.

July 25.—Lieuts. Dalton and Leonard, while scouting west of Jaen, captured one insurgent officer, three rifles, seven stolen carabaos,
and some ammunition. No casualties.

July 28.—Lieuts. Dalton and Leonard captured, near Cabiao, six ladrones, two rifles, one revolver, and a quantity of ammunition. No casualties.

August 30.—The regiment participated in an expedition, commanded by General Funston, moving from Candaba, Arayat, Cabiao,
San Antonio, San Isidro, Gapan, Pefiaranda, and San Miguel, to points in mountains where the roads leading south from San Isidro
join with roads from Gapan to San Isidro.

September 21.—Insurgents attacked Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija, at 10 p. m., but were promptly driven back. No casualties.

October 2.—Lieut. Wheeler, with a detachment of company A, struck a band of insurgents in barrio of Santo Tomas, near Jaen;
killed one, captured two, two rifles. No casualties.
Lieut. Wheeler, with forty men of company A, encountered an insurgent outpost near San Pablo; killed one insurgent and captured two rifles. No casualties.

October 11.—Lieut. Wheeler, with a detachment of company A, captured in woods, near barrio of Jaen,
Comandante Delfin Esquivel and three soldiers, six rifles, and 500 rounds of ammunition.

October 14.—Lieut. Hannay, commanding detachment of company K, had a skirmish with insurgents near Pinag Singalon;
captured two rifles, eight prisoners, and recaptured one private, 24th infantry, held as a prisoner.

October 16.—Mounted detachments of six men of the regiment returning from San Isidro were fired upon by a body of insurgents
concealed alongside of the road, about two miles from Cabiao. One man thrown from his horse and captured.*
Forty men of company H immediately pursued them, but the enemy escaped in the darkness.

* Private — Walker, company H. It is believed that this man died in captivity.

October 25.—The launch "Stonie", private property, attacked by 125 insurgents, under Natividad and deserter Pagan,
between Cabiao and Arayat, and boarded; two white men in charge captured. Lieut. Whitfield, with fifty men of the regiment,
assisted by Lieut. Quinlan with fifty Macabebes, cavalrymen, went in pursuit, recapturing the two men.
The "Stonie" was taken in tow by the government launch "Sterling".

November 16.—Lieut Wheeler, with detachment of 22nd infantry, captured, near Tombo, six insurgents, five rifles, and one revolver.

November 20.—San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, fired into by small band of insurgents. Garrison promptly pursued, but parties found nothing. No casualties.

November 26.—Lieut. Leonard, commanding forty-three men, company I, struck a band of insurgents under the renegade Fagan,
near San Francisco; captured one horse with saddle and bridle.
Lieut. Ripley, commanding detachment of Ilocano scouts, captured three insurgents, three rifles, and 22 rounds of ammunition, near Cabanatuan.

Lieutenant Henry A. Ripley,
mentioned in many of the reports on this page.

Photo from the P.E. Larson Collection, courtesy of the
Nevada State Museum, Carson City, Nevada
Nevada Department of Cultural Affairs

December 1.—Lieut. Sheldon, with detachment of the regiment, acting under orders from General Funston,
struck an outpost of insurgents near Santa Cruz; killed three, wounded one.

December 2.—Lieut. Ripley, commanding detachment, Ilocano scouts, while scouting southeast of Cabanatuan,
met a band of insurgents; killed three, captured one rifle and two revolvers.

December 19.—Lieut. Leonard, commanding mounted detachment, company I, struck a party of insurgents under Natividad,
on Rio Chico; killed two, wounded nine, captured six rifles and 138 rounds of ammunition; recovered one woman taken from Labaquini
and ten stolen carabao; eight houses used as barracks were destroyed.

December 21.—Lieut. Wheeler, acting on information from spies, captured the insurgent captain Esteban Quinteros;
prisoner led them to the camp of twenty-eight of his men near Jaen. Lieut. Wheeler attacked camp in darkness; killed two,
wounded one, captured eight rifles and 300 rounds of ammunition.

December 28.—General Funston,with Lieut. Sheldon and a detachment of the regiment, surprised a detachment of insurgents near Cabiao;
killed six, wounded one, captured one rifle and six insurgents.
Lieut. Hannay, with a detachment, company K, struck a band of insurgents near San Julian; killed one, captured one rifle.

December 29.—General Funston, commanding detachment of the regiment and scouts from Gapan, Cabiao, Jaen, and San Isidro,
attempted to capture Natividad. Information being faulty, he escaped; but Lieut. Hannay captured his orderly, with rifle,
as well as Natividad's personal effects and some correspondence from Alejandrino and Lacuna.
Lieut. Sheldon killed five insurgents, captured six, and one rifle.

The activity of our troops caused a change in sentiment on the part of the inhabitants. As soon as they found that we could give them protection,
they gave us information; they gave us assistance in finding, arresting, or scattering ladrones, or the small insurgent bands
that still remained in active hostility. A few that gave information were tortured and murdered by insurgents; but with the establishment
of town government, and the appointment of native police under military supervision, the confidence of the people in their personal safety
was strengthened; the aid they rendered the troops in their efforts to discover the places where arms and other war materials were hidden
was correspondingly greater.

The establishment of the numerous small garrisons necessitated the distribution of military stores over an extensive country,
and the forwarding of supplies to many points difficult to reach during even the most favorable seasons of the year.
Transportation was kept busy; roads, trails, bridges, and ferries were built and repaired by natives, under supervision of the army.
As peace conditions increased, the duties of the army became more complicated. Natives came of their own accord to take the oath of allegiance
to American sovereignty; the provost court and the military commission were gradually superseded by native courts, native judges, native attorneys.
American schools were established; over everything the army exercised a supervision that gave place, as conditions improved,
to merely a parental watchfulness. But always, there were rumors of insurgents still in -arms; always there was word of arms,
not in use, but hidden for future opportunities; always there were tales of ladrones.

And the army worked. The army campaigned, administered justice, struggled with strange laws, protected Filipino adherent from Filipino patriot,
built roads, hauled supplies, administered oaths of allegiance, supervised schools. From Arayat to San Isidro, the 22nd infantry
performed its multitudinous labors until, in June 1900, this territorial department—the first pacified in northern Luzon—
was declared free from armed resistance.

January 12.—General Funston, with detachment of twelve men under Capt. Kreps, met a band of thirty insurgents in trail, five miles southeast
of Santa Cruz, barrio of Gapan, and chased them until exhausted; killed one, got his rifle and some ammunition, and wounded several.

January 20.—Lieut. Wheeler, with a detachment of company A, met a band of insurgents near Jaen; routed them, captured six rifles,
three shotguns, one revolver, and 300 rounds of ammunition.

January 25.—General Funston and Lieut. Sheldon, with a detachment of twenty-five men of the regiment, struck a body of insurgents
near Candaba swamp; killed five, wounded eight, pursued them to Malimba river, where they came in contact again and killed two more—
one the notorious bandit, Tagunton; wounded one, captured one rifle, one revolver, two ponies, and some correspondence and ammunition.

February 12.—Lieut. Sheldon, with mounted detachment of fifteen men, had a skirmish with thirty insurgents on Bule river;
routed them and found fifteen dead.

Letter from a Soldier in Company F of the 22nd Infantry, stationed at Arayat, and postmarked at
the South Dagupan & Manila Railway Post Office, February 11, 1901

Ed., In March of 1901 Brigadier General of Volunteers Frederick Funston, along with a detachment of Macabee Scouts
captured Aguinaldo. Within a month two of Aguinaldo's most important generals surrendered to American forces.
Isolated bands of insurgent soldiers carried on the guerilla war for another year however.

April 17.—Lieut. Ripley, commanding a detachment of Ilocano scouts, struck enemy near Santer, Nueva Ecija;
killed one, captured two rifles, and burnt cuartels.

April 20.—Lieut. Ripley, commanding detachment of Ilocano scouts, encountered enemy eight miles south of Irurulengin mountains;
killed one, wounded three, and burnt nine cuartels.

April 24.—Lieut. Sheldon, commanding a detachment of the regiment, while scouting between Bengaben and Cabanatuan,
struck a small band of insurgents; killed two, scattered the rest, and captured one rifle.

April 28.—The celebrated Filipino general, Alejandrino, accompanied by an orderly, both armed, entered the quarters
of the regimental commander, Major R. T. Yeatman, at night, and coolly stated that he had come to arrange terms of surrender.
Major Yeatman succeeded in getting a message to the guard house, and upon arrival of the guard the terms of surrender were quickly arranged.
Previous to this, Alejandrino had eluded repeated attempts to capture him.

May 19.—The insurgent general Lacuna and his entire command surrendered to General Funston at San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.
This ended armed resistance in the department.

June 30, 1901, the regiment was stationed as follows:
Headquarters and companies B, C, and D, at San Isidro.
Company A, at Jaen.
Companies E and F, at Arayat.
Company G, at Apalit.
Company H, at Baler, Principe.
Company I, at: San Antonio.
Company K, at Gapan.
Company L, at Cabiao.
Company M, at Mexico and Santa Ana.

In August, companies I, K, and L, were moved to Manila; in September, headquarters and companies A, D, F, and G were sent to Manila;
company E, to Mariyeles.

September 29, eleven insurgents, formerly attached to Aguinaldo's forces, surrendered to company H at Baler.

November 6, a small party of insurgents attacked a detachment of company H at Casiguraii; the insurgents were repulsed with losses.

Ed., On November 11, 1901, Colonel James Miller became Commander of the 22nd Infantry Regiment.

Late in December came the welcome orders for the regiment's return to the States.