1st Battalion 22nd Infantry Reports to Secretary of War 1874-1878

1st Battalion 22nd Infantry

Annual Reports of the Secretary of War

1874-1878

Note: The Annual Reports of the Secretary of War did not follow a strict format. The reports of the Commanders
of the Departments and Districts in which the 22nd Infantry served, varied from year to year in detail and substance.
In addition, even the reports from the different sections of the Army varied from year to year in scope and content.
For example, a detailed list of enlistments and re-enlistments and desertions by regiment was not reported
by the Adjutant General for every year. Even the format of abbreviations was not consistent from year to year.

All material and information from the reports which specifically involved the 22nd Infantry are presented here, and,
in many cases that material is presented as scanned directly from the original reports.

1874

In his report of September 30, 1874, Major General Irvin McDowell,
Commander of the Division of the South, reported:

The position and distribution of the 22nd Infantry in the Department of the Atlantic
for 1874 was as follows:

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Three miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Col. D. S. Stanley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d infantry and headquarters.
Commissioned officers: 5
Enlisted men: 29
Aggregate: 34

Fort Gratiot, Michigan: On the Saint Clair River, near outlet of Lake Huron, Michigan
Commanding officer: _______________.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Commissioned officers: 1
Enlisted men: 3
Aggregate: 4

Fort Brady, Michigan: At Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Maj. A. L. Hough, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 92
Aggregate: 99

Fort Mackinac, Michigan: On Michilimackinac Island, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. C. J. Dickey, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 52
Aggregate: 56

A detachment of the 22nd Infantry was stationed at Fort Porter, New York,
under command of an officer from the 3rd Artillery:

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: 1st Lieut. J. O'Hara, 3d Art.
Regiment: 3d Art. & 22d Inf.
Commissioned officers: 3
Enlisted men: 15
Aggregate: 18

The position and distribution of the 22nd Infantry in the Department of the Gulf,
at New Orleans for 1874, was listed together with units from the 1st Artillery, the
2nd, 3rd and 18th Infantry, under command of Colonel Galusha Pennypacker
of the 16th Infantry, and was as follows:

New Orleans, Louisiana.
Commanding officer: Col. G. Pennypacker, 16th Inf.
Regiment: 1st Art. and 2d, 3d, 18th & 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 19
Commissioned officers: 63
Enlisted men: 765
Aggregate: 828

In his report the Quartermaster General recorded the following officers from the 22nd Infantry
as having served as Acting Assistant Quartermasters during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874:

Capt. Joseph Bush - Lower Brulé Agency, Dakota Territory - April 7 to May 27, 1874

2d lt. W. J. Campbell - Fort Laramie, Dakota - July 1, 1873 to June 30, 1874

2d lt. F. L. Davies - Lower Brulé Agency, Dakota Territory - July 1, 1873 to June 30, 1874

2d lt. O. D. Ladley - Northern Boundary Survey Commission, Department of Dakota - __________ to June 30, 1874

2d lt. J. E. Macklin - Fort Sully, Dakota - July 1 to August 6, 1873

1st lt. P. M. Thorne - Bismarck, Dakota - May 27 to July 13, 1873
----------------------------------- Fort Sully, Dakota - Aug. 6, 1873 to June 30, 1874

In his report the Quartermaster General indicated that one of the larger troop movements of the year
was the movement of the 22nd Infantry from the Departent of Dakota to the Department of the Atlantic.

The Adjutant General recorded that between October 1, 1873 and October 1, 1874
there were 9 enlistments and re-enlistments in the 22nd Infantry.

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1875

In the report of the General of the Army below, it can be seen that the 22nd Infantry (Twenty-second Infantry)
was authorized an enlisted strength of 400 men in 1875.

Note below that the 22nd Infantry only had an enlisted strength of 279:

Above: The footnote ( § ) indicated that the 22nd Infantry had been allocated 100 recruits
on September 15, 1875, to bring it near to its allocated strength:

The following notations concerning the 22nd Infantry in 1874-1875 are from the report of
Major General W. S. Hancock, Commander of the Military Division of the Atlantic:

The position and distribution of the 22nd Infantry in the Department of the Atlantic
for 1875 was as follows:

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Capt. John Hartley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 60
Aggregate: 67

A detachment of the 22nd Infantry was stationed at Madison Barracks, New York,
under command of an officer from the 3rd Artillery:

Madison Barracks, New York: Sacket's Harbor, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Lieut. Col. R. B. Ayres, 3d Art.
Regiment: 3d and 5th Art. and 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 3
Commissioned officers: 12
Enlisted men: 79
Aggregate: 91

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Three miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Col. D. S. Stanley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 3
Commissioned officers: 14
Enlisted men: 116
Aggregate: 130

Fort Gratiot, Michigan: On the Saint Clair River, near outlet of Lake Huron, Michigan
Commanding officer: Capt. Francis Clark, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 22
Aggregate: 26

Fort Mackinac, Michigan: On Michilimackinac Island, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Maj. A. L. Hough, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 5
Enlisted men: 32
Aggregate: 37

Fort Brady, Michigan: At Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Joseph Bush, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 41
Aggregate: 48

In his report the Quartermaster General recorded the following officers from the 22nd Infantry
as having served as Acting Assistant Quartermasters during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1875:

2d lt. W. J. Campbell - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 18, 1874 to June 30, 1875

1st lt. William Conway - Fort Gratiot, Michigan - July to Sept. 17, 1874 and
----------------------------------------------------------------May 24 to June 30, 1875

1st lt. Will. W. Daugherty - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - July 10, 1874 to June 30, 1875

2d lt. James M. Gore - Fort Porter, Buffalo, N.Y. - July 9 to Sept. 18, 1874

2d lt. Oscar D. Ladley - Northern boundary survey commission - July 1, 1874 to ____________

2d lt. James E. Macklin - Greenville, Louisiana - Sept. 23 to Oct. 12, 1874
------------------------------------- New Orleans, Louisiana - Oct. 12 to Nov. 30, 1874

1st. lt. William J. Reedy - Fort Porter, Buffalo, N.Y. - May 24 to June 30, 1875

1st. lt. and R.Q.M. 22d Inf. Platt M. Thorne - Fort Wayne, Michigan - July 13, 1874 to June 30, 1875

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1876

Immediately upon the defeat of Custer's command, the Army dispatched overwhelming forces
to the Dakotas, with the aim of ending the threat from the Sioux and Cheyenne once and for all.
The following report is in error, in that the six companies of the 22nd Infantry under Otis' command,
were transferred from the Department of the Atlantic, rather than to it.

The following report shows how Otis's six companies of the 22nd Infantry
were placed under Colonel Nelson Miles' command, and instructed to build
temporary camps along the Yellowstone River.

The following position and distribution of troops in the Department of the Missouri
for 1876 shows the six companies of the 22nd Infantry as part of the entire force assembled
under the command of Brigadier General Alfred Terry to go after the Sioux.

Sioux expedition .....in the field.
Commanding officer: Brig. Gen. A. H. Terry.
Regiment: 2d & 7th Cav., 5th, 6th 7th and 17th and 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 41
Commissioned officers: 142
Enlisted men: 1,910
Aggregate: 2,052

The following position and distribution of troops in the Department of the Atlantic for 1876
shows the four companies of the 22nd Infantry which did not join the above expedition against the Sioux.

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Capt. John Hartley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 41
Aggregate: 45

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Three miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Col. D. S. Stanley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 60
Aggregate: 67

Fort Brady, Michigan: At Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Charles A. Webb, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 40
Aggregate: 44

The following is Lieutenant Colonel Elwell S. Otis' report of the activities of his command
during the month of October 1876. The exchange between Sitting Bull and Otis has become part
of the historical lore of the 22nd Infantry. Sitting Bull called Otis by the name of "Yellowstone".

In his report the Quartermaster General recorded the following officers from the 22nd Infantry
as having served as Acting Assistant Quartermasters during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876:

1st lt. W. J. Campbell - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 1 to July 5, 1875

2d lt. E. W. Casey - Fort Gratiot, Michigan - July 1 to Oct. 1, 1875

1st lt. William Conway - Fort Gratiot, Michigan - Oct. 1, 1875 to June 30, 1876

1st lt. W. W. Daugherty - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - July 1 to Aug. 31, 1875
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nov. 7, 1875 to June 30, 1876

2d lt. William N. Dykman - Fort Brady, Michigan - May 4 to June 1, 1876

2d lt. W. H. Kell - Fort Brady, Michigan - June 1 to June 30, 1876

1st lt. B. C. Lockwood - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 5, 1875 to May 4, 1876

1st lt. W. J. Reedy - Fort Porter, N.Y. - July 1, 1875 to June 30, 1876

1st lt. and R.Q.M. Platt M. Thorne - Fort Wayne, Michigan - July 1, 1875 to June 30, 1876

2d lt. John McA. Webster - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - Aug. 31 to Nov. 7, 1875

The Adjutant General recorded that between October 1, 1875 and October 1, 1876
there were 99 enlistments and re-enlistments in the 22nd Infantry.

In his report dated November 12, 1877 Brigadier General Terry stated that on November 21, 1876
Companies E, F, G, H, I and K of the 22nd Infantry were stationed at the cantonment on Tongue River
(ed., later to be named Fort Keogh.)

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1877

The cantonment at Tongue River was established in August 1876. In October 1876 two attempts
by the 22nd Infantry to conduct a wagon train of supplies from Glendive to the Tongue River camp
were executed, with the second attempt being successful. Although the report of both attempts
should have been presented in the Annual Report of 1877, to cover the fiscal year of 1876, the
official Annual Report of 1876 contained Lieutenant Colonel Otis' report of the second and
successful attempt to bring the wagon train through to Tongue River.

In the 1877 Annual Report of the Secretary of War, the report by Lieutenant Colonel Otis
concerning the second wagon train from Glendive to the Tongue River cantonment was
repeated in its entirety. It was accompanied by the shorter report by Otis of the first wagon train
which was turned back, and also by Captain Charles Miner's report of the action encountered
by that first wagon train.

Here are the latter two reports mentioned above:

The next major action in which elements of the 22nd Infantry were involved was Colonel Nelson Miles' operation
against Crazy Horse at Wolf Mountain in early 1877. The following is Miles' official report of the event. In the narrative
several officers of the 22nd Infantry are mentioned prominently. The "Major Dickey" in the report is actually
Captain Charles J. Dickey (Brevet Major) of the 22nd Infantry. On this operation Dickey commanded Company E
of the 22nd Infantry and also commanded the forward element of Miles' force. The "Lieutenant Cusick" is
1st Lieutenant Cornelius C. Cusick of the 22nd Infantry, who on this operation was in command of Company F 22nd Infantry.
The "Lieutenant Casey" is 2nd Lieutenant Edward W. Casey of the 22nd Infantry, who was in charge of one of the
3 inch ordinance rifled gun artillery pieces used with great effect during the battle. The "Captain Casey" is
Captain James S. Casey of the 5th Infantry, who would receive the Medal of Honor for his actions at Wolf Mountain.
Eighteen years after Wolf Mountain James S. Casey would be promoted to Colonel of the 22nd Infantry and would
command the 22nd Infantry 1895-1897.

In April 1877 the 22nd Infantry played a significant part in Miles' attack against Lame Deer,
who along with Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, was a major hostile force opposed to U.S. policy.
For this operation Companies E, F, G and H of the 22nd Infantry were assigned to Miles.
Mentioned in the following report by Miles of the operation were officers of the 22nd Infantry,
Captain Charles J. Dickey, 1st Lieutenant Cornelius C. Cusick and Captain Dewitt C. Poole.
Also noted in the report is 2nd Lieutenant Edward W. Casey of the 22nd Infantry, who led a
detachment of mounted scouts during the attack and whose actions at the start gave the advantage
to the Army force, resulting in a victory over the hostiles.

In his capacity as commander of the catonement at Tongue River (eventually to be called Fort Keogh)
Major George Gibson of the 5th Infantry included references to the 22nd Infantry pertinent to his command
in his report for the fiscal year ending June, 1877:

In 1877 six companies of the 22nd Infantry were dispatched for possible anti-strike duty
at Chicago, Illinois as follows:

Also in 1877 three companies of the 22nd Infantry were dispatched for possible anti-strike duty
at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania as follows:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

and

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In his report the Quartermaster General recorded the following officers from the 22nd Infantry
as having served as Acting Assistant Quartermasters during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1877:

Captain Joseph Bush (Brevet Major) - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - October 7 to October 16, 1876

2d Lieutenant John G. Ballance - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 11, 1876 to June 30, 1877

1st Lieutenant W. J. Campbell - Glendive Creek, Montana - September 4, 1876 to June 30, 1877

1st Lieutenant W. W. Daugherty - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - July 1 to September 15, 1876

1st Lieutenant Thomas H. Fisher - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - September 15 to October 7, 1876 and
October 16, 1876 to June 30, 1877

2d Lieutenant J. M. Gore - Fort Porter, New York - February 10 to June 30, 1877

2d Lieutenant W. H. Kell - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 1 to July 11, 1876

1st Lieutenant B. C. Lockwood - Glendive Creek, Montana - July 14 to September 4, 1876

1st Lieutenant W. J. Reedy - Fort Porter, New York - July 1, 1876 to February 10, 1877

1st Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster P. M. Thorne - Fort Wayne, Michigan - July 1, 1876 to June 30, 1877

The Quartermaster General also noted that Companies E, F, G, H, I and K of the 22nd Infantry had made
one of the Army's major movements during the fiscal year, going from the Military Division of the Atlantic
to the Department of Dakota, a distance of 1, 937 miles.

For the Fiscal year ending June 30, 1877 the 22nd Infantry
had 22 desertions.

The following position and distribution of troops in the Department of the Atlantic for 1877
showed the 22nd Infantry:

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Three miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: 1st Lieut. P. M. Thorne, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 16
Aggregate: 20

Fort Brady, Michigan: At village of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: 1st Lieut. W. J. Campbell, 22d Inf.
Regiment: Detachment 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 0
Commissioned officers: 2
Enlisted men: 10
Aggregate: 12

Fort Mackinac, Michigan: On Michilimackinac Island, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Maj. A. L. Hough, 22d Inf.
Regiment: Detachment 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 0
Commissioned officers: 3
Enlisted men: 13
Aggregate: 16

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Capt. John Hartley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 30
Aggregate: 34

Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania
Commanding officer: Lieut. Col. E. S. Otis, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 3rd and 5th Art. and 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 11
Commissioned officers: 29
Enlisted men: 360
Aggregate: 389

At the end of 1877 the following report on enlisted strength of the 22nd Infantry showed the following.
Note that the Regiment was at a strength of 338, operating below its authorized strength of 375 enlisted men:

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1878

The following position and distribution of troops in the Department of the Atlantic
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1878 showed the 22nd Infantry:

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Two and a half miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Lieut. Col. E. S. Otis, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 3
Commissioned officers: 14
Enlisted men: 132
Aggregate: 146

Fort Gratiot, Michigan: One mile northwest of Port Huron City, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Francis Clarke, 22d Inf.
Regiment: Detachment 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 1
Commissioned officers: 4
Enlisted men: 35
Aggregate: 39

Fort Brady, Michigan: At village of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Mott Hooton, 22d Inf.
Regiment: Detachment 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 68
Aggregate: 75

Fort Mackinac, Michigan: On Michilimackinac Island, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Maj. A. L. Hough, 22d Inf.
Regiment: Detachment 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 8
Enlisted men: 73
Aggregate: 81

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Capt. John Hartley, 22d Inf.
Regiment: 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 2
Commissioned officers: 7
Enlisted men: 78
Aggregate: 85

In his report the Quartermaster General recorded the following officers from the 22nd Infantry
as having served as Acting Assistant Quartermasters during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1878:

2d Lieutenant John G. Ballance - Fort Brady, Michigan - July 1, 1877 to September 3, 1877
---------------------------------------------------- Fort Mackinac, Michigan - October 17, 1877 to March 16, 1878
--------------------- and from April 14, 1878 to June 30, 1878

1st Lieutenant William J. Campbell - Fort Brady, Michigan - September 3, 1877 to June 30, 1878

1st Lieutenant William Conway - Fort Gratiot, Michigan - November 2, 1877 to June 30, 1878

1st Lieutenant F. L. Davies - Fort Porter, New York - September 25, 1877 to October 25, 1877

1st Lieutenant Thomas H. Fisher - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - July 1, 1877 to October 17, 1877

2nd Lieutenant J. M. Gore - Fort Porter, New York - July 1, 1877 to September 25, 1877
---------------- and from October 25, 1877 to June 30, 1878

1st Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster P. M. Thorne (Brevet Lieut. Col. ) - Fort Wayne, Michigan - July 1, 1877 to June 30, 1878

2nd Lieutenant John McA. Webster - Fort Mackinac, Michigan - March 16, 1878 to April 14, 1878

Several of the officers above were noted by the Quartermaster General as having spent
funds from their allocated amounts in the following:

2d Lieutenant John G. Ballance - Expenditure, $ 1,284.41 - Balance, $ 1,157.12

1st Lieutenant William Conway - Expenditure, $ 528.76 - Balance, $ 0

1st Lieutenant William J. Campbell - Expenditure, $ 947.52 - Balance, $ 165.31

2nd Lieutenant J. M. Gore - Expenditure, $ 1,048.49 - Balance, $ 9.09

1st Lieutenant P. M. Thorne - Expenditure, $ 3,903.61 - Balance, $ 25.85

2nd Lieutenant John McA. Webster - Expenditure, $ 1,058.52 - Balance, $ 0

The following position and distribution of troops in the Department of the Atlantic
as of the date of October 23, 1878 showed the 22nd Infantry:

Fort Wayne, Michigan: Two and a half miles below Detroit, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Lieut. Col. E. S. Otis, 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 3
Designation: Companies A, C, and H, 22d Infantry

Fort Gratiot, Michigan: One mile northwest of Port Huron City, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Francis Clarke, 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 1
Designation: Company I, 22d Infantry

Fort Brady, Michigan: At village of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Capt. Mott Hooton, 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Designation: Companies F and K, 22d Infantry

Fort Mackinac, Michigan: On Michilimackinac Island, Michigan.
Commanding officer: Maj. Alfred L. Hough, 22d Inf.
Number of Companies: 2
Designation: Companies D and E, 22d Infantry

Fort Porter, New York: At Buffalo, N.Y.
Commanding officer: Col. D. S. Stanley, 22d Inf.
Number of companies: 2
Designation: Headquarters, and Companies B and G, 22d Infantry

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