The 22nd Infantry 1879-1890

Bird's-eye view of Fort McKavett, drawn in 1878 after a substantial program of rebuilding and construction.
The 22nd Infantry had several Companies stationed here during the years 1879-1882.

The following narrative is taken from the Regimental History compiled in 1922.
Passages in brackets are from the Regimental History written in 1904.

In April, 1879, while the 22nd Infantry was in the act of complying with orders to proceed to the Department of Texas,
Companies D, E, F, and K were detached and sent to Fort Gibson [ under command of Colonel Hough ] , Indian Territory;
this move being made on account of slight difficulty with the Indians in that locality. In the Department of Texas Companies B, C, H, and I
took station at Fort McKavett; Company A at Fort Griffin. [ Fort McKavett was made sad and gloomy, July 4, by the death
of Captain T. H. Fisher, a very popular officer in the regiment. ] A few weeks later Company E settled down at Fort Vinita, Indian Territory,
while Company K went to Coffeeville, Kansas; these two companies being charged with the duty of keeping undesirable land grafters
and others out of Oklahoma. [ .......for the purpose of keeping boomers out of Oklahoma and of protecting the inhabitants
from the robbers who infested that part of the country. ]

In the latter part of 1879 signs of war with the Ute Indians in Colorado began to appear. As a result of this danger
the companies of the 22nd Infantry at Fort Gibson were sent under Colonel Hough to Alamosa, Colorado, by train;
thence by marching to Animos, where they joined detachments of the 15th Infantry and the 9th Cavalry and became part
of the command of Colonel G. P. Buell. The mission of this force was to prevent a junction of the Northern and Southern Ute Indians.

In January, 1880, the detachment of the 22nd Infantry returned to Gibson by way of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
[ In January, 1880, the companies of the 22nd were ordered back to Gibson, and on account of deep snow in the mountains,
they were compelled to march to Santa Fe, New Mexico, where they met with a grand ovation. From that place
they went by rail to Gibson, having marched over five hundred miles. ] From Gibson Company E proceeded
to San Antonio, Texas, for station; Companies D and K marched over a hundred miles to Fort Clark,
where they joined Regimental Headquarters and Company H.

The regiment remained in Texas until it was ordered to the Department of the Missouri in November, 1882.
Headquarters of the regiment then took station with Company E at Santa Fe, New Mexico;
Company A went to Fort Garland; B, G, H, and K to Fort Lewis; C, D, F, and I to Fort Lyon, the latter posts all in Colorado.

A Corporal of Company D 22nd Infantry

Photo taken at Fort Lewis, Colorado
by R. O. Hanna

From a photo taken by Christian Barthelmess ( Photographer & Musician - 22nd Infantry ) , from the book:

A "true copy" of a telegram sent by the Commanding Officer of the 22nd Infantry,
David S. Stanley, to the commanding officer at Fort Lewis, Colorado, November 24, 1882.
The 22nd Infantry had just been ordered to occupy Fort Lewis, and apparently the buildings
were not ready to be moved into. The construction of the Fort was begun by the 13th Infantry
in 1880, and as of the date of this letter construction was not finished. Apparently the 15th Infantry
had taken over construction, as this letter directs that Captain William Daugherty of the 22nd Infantry
be directed to take over construction from Captain Henry Brinkerhoff of the 15th Infantry.
The letter was written and signed by 1st Lieutenant Theodore Mosher of the 22nd Infantry,
in his capacity as acting Adjutant.

Communication to Fort Lewis, Colorado, received and endorsed by 1st Lieutenant W.H. Kell, Adjutant 22nd Infantry,
on March 1, 1888, informing Captain M. Hooton that a translation he had previously sent to the Adjutant General's Office
in Washington, D.C. had been received and forwarded to the appropriate Army authority for review.
The translation was of certain pages of a tactical work by Baron Wechmar, a General in the German Army and written in 1875.

In September, 1885, trouble with marauding Apache Indians caused Company E to be sent from Santa Fe to Datil Creek,
where it was engaged in maintaining the supply channels for troops operating against the Apaches in the Mogallones.
Company E returned to Santa Fe on April 26, 1886. From this time until November of the same year the entire regiment
was camped at the mouth of the Rio De La Plata, on the lookout for disturbances among the Ute and Navajo Indians.
Company E, during this period, was detailed as guard over the White Spring Apache Indians on their way to St. Augustine, Florida,
where they were being sent for a period of restraint on the Military Reservation. The Company returned to Santa Fe September 30, 1886.

Several months' quiet was now enjoyed by the entire regiment, but in July, 1887, further trouble from the Indians being expected,
two camps of one company each were established; one near North Montezuma, 110 miles from Fort Lewis;
the other near Mcelmo, both in Utah. The former camp was continued until September 5th, and the latter until October 14th,
on which dates the camps were discontinued and the companies returned to Fort Lewis.

Article from the Fort McKavett Gazette, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2005, taken from:

Henry Clay Hodges Jr.

Seen here in a formal portrait taken shortly after his
graduation from West Point, as a 2nd Lieutenant
in the 22nd Infantry at Fort McKavett, Texas, 1881.

---------------------

Henry Clay Hodges Jr.

Seen here as a Brigadier General, United States Army,
circa 1917.

Henry Clay Hodges Jr. was born April 20, 1860. His father was an officer in the US Army from 1851 to1895.

He was appointed to West Point by Ulsysses S. Grant in 1877 and obtained his commission as a Second Lieutenant of the 22nd Infantry in 1881.
His first 20 years of service were with the 22nd Infantry Regiment, including time in the Philippines during the Insurrection and Moro Wars.

After four years of recruiting duty and Construction Quartermaster, Hodges returned to the 22nd Infantry Regiment as Commander
of the 2nd Battalion from 1905-06. Following more time in the Philippines and attending the Army War College, Hodges rejoined
the 22nd Infantry Regiment again, this time in Fort Seward, Alaska, from 1909-10, and at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, from 1910-11.

From 1911-14, Hodges served the Office of the Army Chief of Staff and General Staff, before returning to Texas to command
the 17th Infantry Regiment from 1914-16. From there he took command of the 1st Infantry Regiment in Hawaii before leading the 39th Division
as Commanding General for the American Expeditionary Force in World War I from 1917-18.

After the war, General Hodges took command of the 17th Division at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana.
Major General Henry Clay Hodges, Jr. commanded the Hawaiian Department from March-May of 1919.
He concluded his career as Commanding General of Schofield Barracks from 1919 until his retirement in December of 1920.
He died in 1963 at the age of 103.

Cadet, U S. Military Academy 1877-81 Graduated as No. 2901, 23rd in the Class of 1881

Appointed Second Lieutenant 22nd Infantry 11 June 1881

First Lieutenant 30 August 1890

Captain 26 April 1898

Major 1905

Lieutenant Colonel 1911

Colonel 1914

Brigadier General 1917

Major General (NA) 1917

Brigadier General 1919

Served with 22nd Infantry Regiment 1881-01 Served in the Philippines 1899-01

Regimental Adjutant, 22nd Infantry Regiment 29 July 1899 to 8 Sept 1901

Recruiting duty in Boston 1901-03

Construction Quartermaster, Ft´s Rodman, Greble & Adams 1903-05

Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, Ft. Wayne, Detroit 1905-06
(Ed., the website can't verify this information.)

Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, Camp Stotsenburg, Philippines 1906
(Ed., the website can't verify this information.)

On Special duty in the Philippines 1906-07

Served with Military Information Division, Headquarters Philippine Division 1907-08

Student, Army War College 1908-09

Served with 22nd Infantry Regiment at Ft. William H. Seward, Alaska 1909-10

Court-Martial duty at Seattle 1910

Served with 22nd Infantry Regiment at Ft. Sam Houston 1910-11

Served with the Office of the Army Chief of Staff 1911

Served with the Army General Staff 1911-14 Secretary of the Army General Staff 1913-14

Commanding Officer, 17th Infantry Regiment at Eagle Pass, Texas 1914-16

Commanding Officer, 1st Infantry Regiment at Hawaii 1916-17

Commanding General, 39th Division, AEF 1917-18

Commanding General, 17th Division & Camp Beauregard (La) 1918-19

Commanding General, Hawaiian Department March-May 1919

Commanding General, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii 1919-20

Retired December 1st, 1920

Died 1963

Buried in Arlington Cemetery

Died. Major General Henry Clay Hodges, 103, West Point's oldest alumnus (class of '81), who was born on the frontier,
was appointed to the Military Academy by Ulysses S. Grant, campaigned against Comanches on the Pecos, Moro rebels in the Philippines,
Pancho Villa in Mexico, and led his 39th Division to France in World War I, before retiring in 1920 to an old soldier's place of honor
at every West Point graduation since then except two; in Stamford, Conn.

During the months of November and December, 1887, and January, 1888, a military reconnaissance was made from Fort Lewis
to the Grand Canon of the Colorado River by 1st Lieutenant Edward W. Casey, with a detachment consisting of
1st Lieutenant Theodore Mosher, 2nd Lieutenant Frank B. Jones, and 8 enlisted men, all of the 22nd Infantry.
The officers were mounted on their private horses, the enlisted men on government mules.
1st Lieutenant N. S. Jarvis, assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., and two civilian packers accompanied the expedition.
The party left Fort Lewis on the 2nd of November, forded the San Juan River at the mouth of the De La Plata River,
into the Navajo Indian Reservation, crossed the La-ka-chu-kai Mountains and proceeded by the valley of the Chililee
to Canon de Chelly, up this canon for fifteen miles, thence via Bonita Canon, reaching Fort Defiance, Arizona, November 16.

From Fort Defiance the route was by Ganado, Keam's Canon and the Moqui villages of Tewa, Sichomivi, and Walpi;
thence by the Blue Canon to the small Mormon settlement of Tuba City. The Little Colorado River was crossed about 30 miles above its mouth;
thence along the base of the Coconino Mountains, the entrance to the Grand Canon of the Colorado was reached December 7.
The descent to the river bed, over a faint trail, was effected the same day.
Five days were spent on the river bank, during which period the canon was examined to the eastward for ten miles,
as far as the mouth of the Little Colorado. December 13, the return march was begun.
To Tuba City, the former trail of the expedition was followed; thence via Red Lake, skirting the Mesa La Vaca,
through Marsh's pass, along the base of the Hay Stack Mountains, across the Chililee Valley, by Ojo La Casa
through a pass in the Carriso Mountains to the San Juan River, which was crossed on the ice, at Hyde's Store, December 31.
From Hyde's the wagon road via Ute Mountain, Montezuma Valley, and the Mancis River was followed, through much snow,
to Fort Lewis, Colorado, where the reconnaissance came to an end January 5, 1888.

The expedition travelled seven hundred and forty-seven miles (456 en route to the Canon and 291 on the return trip),
passing through portions of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah, and crossing the Navajo Indian reservation.
The return to Fort Lewis was accompanied by much hardship from cold and snow. Two animals fell from the trail into the Grand Canon
and were lost, while several others succumbed to short rations and the severity of the weather. [ Two of the enlisted men sustained injuries. ]
Thermometric and barometric observations were regularly made throughout the period covered by the reconnaissance,
and the distances travelled were measured daily by means of an odometer, for which a single wheel, drawn by a mule,
was devised. A mountain transit was also used by Lieut. Jones. The information gathered by the reconnaissance,
which included lines for heliographic communication, was duly set forth in the report on, and on the map of, the country traversed,
prepared and submitted by its accomplished commander, Lieut. Casey.
[ It was understood that much of the country traversed had never been previously mapped. ]

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
WASHINGTON, D. C., February 21st, 1903.

COL. THEODORE MOSHER,
ADJUTANT GENERAL, DISTRICT of COLUMBIA MILITIA, WASHINGTON, D. C.
DEAR COLONEL:—

I recall that you once were on an exploring expedition along the southern portion of the Grand canon of the Colorado.
If I am correct, you were in the vicinity of the junction of the Little Colorado with the main Colorado river.
I would ask, if it is convenient to you, to lay down your routes at that time on atlas sheets of the geological survey which I will send you.
I am engaged as opportunity offers in laying down the routes of explorers on the large map of the United States,
and I believe that you have been in some portions in the vicinity mentioned where no one had been before.
Therefore, such data as you can furnish me will be of great interest and value.

LT Casey's expedition to the Grand Canyon
Photo taken at Baker's Peak, Arizona. Casey is standing, middle of the picture, just to the right of the water barrels.
Farther back, looking up the hill is LT Theodore Mosher.

Photo taken by Christian Barthelmess ( Photographer & Musician - 22nd Infantry ) , from the book:

In May, 1888, the regiment changed station to the Department of Dakota; headquarters, band, Companies A, B, C, D, F, H and K
going to Fort Keogh, Montana; Companies E and G to Fort Totten, Dakota; and Company I to Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota.
Early in June the different companies had reached their respective stations and began a period of service in the northwest which lasted for seven years.

Stump Horn, one of Lt. E.W. Casey's Cheyenne Scouts.
He had enlisted as a scout six times, for a continuous
service of three years, from December of 1886
through December of 1889.

From a photo by Christian Barthelmess,
of the 22nd Infantry.

From the book:

Photographer On An Army Mule
by Maurice Frink, University of Oklahoma Press

Also in the National Archives as:

NARA_-_523855

Pay Statement for Stump Horn, Indian Scout, , December 15, 1889 at Fort Keogh, Montana.
The reverse side of the statement declares that his pay included $6.10 for retained pay,
$3.25 for clothing not drawn in kind ( uniform allowance ), and, in a personal remark endorsed by
Lieutenant E.W. Casey of the 22nd Infantry, that Stump Horn was also entitled to
40 cents per day for "use and risk of horse and horse equipment".

W. W. Daugherty, who signed Stump Horn's pay statement.
Photo taken in 1879, when he was a Lieutenant in the 22nd Infantry

Enlisted as a private in the 27th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment on 19 April 1861.
Colonel Colgrove's Orderly. Promoted to regimental Sergeant Major June 1, 1862.
Promoted Second Lieutenant of Company H October 14, 1862.
Promoted regimental Adjutant March 1, 1863.
With regiment in all battles & engagements.
Mustered out November 4, 1864 when term expired.
Recruiting Officer for re-enlistment of regiment's veteran volunteers.
One of 4 members who served in 3 units within regiment.
Only officer to remain as career United States Army officer.

Died at Indianapolis, Indiana February 4, 1922. Buried at Indianapolis Crown Hill Cemetery

( The above 27th Indiana website was created by Steve Russell,
who commanded the 1st Battalion 22nd Infantry from 2003-2005 )

During the years 1879 to 1890 the following losses were incurred by the 22nd Infantry.
Places of birth are listed when known.

DOD = Died Of Disease
( A catch-all phrase used in the 19th Century to denote any non-battle death)

Edward W. Smith.....05/21/1883 - Major - DOD - Vermont - Died of hemorrage of the bowels at Fort Lewis, Colorado

Charles McCaffrey.....04/30/1879 - Private - DOD - Died of gunshot wound
Enoch Wood.....06/22/1884 - Private - DOD - Manchester, England - Drowned
William Leukel.....11/24/1884 - Private - DOD - Baden, Germany - Suicide
Albert G. Hines.....05/13/1887 - Corporal - DOD - Saxony, Germany - Died of acute hepatitis

Thomas H. Fisher.....07/04/1879 - Captain - DOD - New York - Died of fever at Fort McKavett, Texas
Patrick Heagerty.....09/15/1888 - Private - DOD - Mayo County, Ireland - Suicide
Thomas Horton.....10/01/1888 - Private - DOD - Buckinghamshire, England - Died from injuries after falling under a wagon

George C. Irie.....08/18/1879 - Private - DOD - Cleveland, Ohio - Died of typhoid
William H. Hurley.....09/02/1879 - Private - DOD - Kickapoo, Illinois - Died of typhoid
Oscar D. Ladley.....01/11/1880 - Captain - DOD - Cincinnati, Ohio - Died of pneumonia
Charles A. Crawford.....09/15/1880 - Private - DOD - Died of dysentery
Frank Pratt.....09/12/1881 - Private - DOD - Buffalo, New York - Died of typhoid
John H. Horton.....01/19/1883 - Corporal - DOD - Fort Bridger, Wyoming Territory - Died of smallpox
Louis Scott.....10/12/1887 - Private - DOD - Canada - Died from pneumonia
Richard Beale.....12/23/1888 - 1st Sergeant - DOD - Norfolk, Virginia - Died of dementia
Henry R. Giffin.....06/16/1889 - Private - DOD - Christian County, Illinois - Drowned

Anthony Churchill.....06/22/1881 - Private - DOD - Died of remittent fever
Michael J. Holub.....12/14/1881 - Private - DOD - Died of remittent fever
Gilbert D. Sise.....05/08/1882 - Private - DOD - Ellenville, New York - Died of remittent fever
Augustine Francis Hewit.....06/03/1882 - 2nd Lieutenant - DOD -- New York, New York - Died of remittent fever
James Hayes.....09/24/1883 - Recruit - DOD - Washington, D.C. - Died of consumption at Davids Island Recruit Center, never joined Regiment
Patrick Russell.....02/25/1887 - Private - DOD - Died of pneumonia
Thomas Donovan..... 12/20/1887 - Sergeant - DOD - Limerick, Ireland - Died of paralysis of the heart
Thomas Collins.....06/23/1889 - Corporal - DOD - Lowell, Massachusetts - Drowned

Reuben Stoller.....07/13/1882 - Private - DOD - Highland County, Ohio - Died of malaria
Harry Evans.....09/06/1884 - Private - DOD - Otsego, Michigan - Died of obstructions of the bowels
James M. J. Covey.....04/07/1889 - Private - DOD - Talbot County, Maryland - Killed by Railroad train

James Howard.....11/08/1879 - Private - DOD - Orange County, New York - Died of heart disease - (Real name was James Brown)
Thomas Cousens.....07/12/1880 - Sergeant - DOD - Brighton, England - Suicide
Hugh Bates.....05/23/1881 - Private - DOD - Johnston, Scotland - Died of acute dysentery
Ferdinand Kugler.....10/31/1881 - Private - DOD - Germany - Died of endocarditis
Alexander Armstrong.....11/19/1883 - Private - DOD - Trenton, New Jersey - Died of pulmonary hemmorhage
John McCormick.....10/29/1884 - Corporal - DOD - Galway, Ireland - Died of apoplexy
George Maybrook.....04/27/1886 - Sergeant - DOD - Springfield, Massachusetts - Suicide
John Burmann.....09/12/1887 - Private - DOD - Germany - Died of hypertrophy of the head
Joseph Ryan.....07/06/1889 - Private - DOD - Drowned

Peter Breen.....03/18/1879 - Private - DOD - Ireland - Died of typhoid
Michael Hyland.....02/02/1882 - Private - DOD - Galway, Ireland - Died of consumption

Alpheus Ryan.....07/20/1883 - Sergeant - DOD - Missouri - Died of abcess of the brain
Edmund F. Anderson.....07/13/1884 - Private - DOD - Drowned
William A. Williams.....09/16/1884 - Private - DOD - Died of acute acoholism
William O. Yost.....11/24/1884 - Private - DOD - Perry County, Ohio - Died of malignant toxhaemia
William J. Campbell.....12/17/1886 - 1st Lieutenant - DOD - Pennsylvania - Cirrhosis of the liver

Isaac F. Horton.....05/16/1882 - Private - DOD - Fort Leavenworth, Kansas - Died of pneumonia

Much of the above text was taken from the Regimental Histories printed in 1904 and 1922.

Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821–December 1916. NARA microfilm publication M665
National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.